CRediT Taxonomy (Contributor Roles)

                                                                                                                                           Last revised: 12 January 2026

Role Definition
Conceptualization Formulation or development of the research idea and study goals.
Methodology Development of methods, models, or analytical strategies.
Software Programming, software development, or implementation of code.
Validation Verification of results, reproducibility checks, or quality control.
Formal Analysis Statistical, mathematical, or computational analyses.
Investigation Conducting the research process, data collection, experiments, or fieldwork.
Resources Provision of study materials, equipment, computing resources, or data access.
Data Curation Data management, cleaning, and maintenance of research data for use and reuse.
Writing – Original Draft Preparation and writing of the initial manuscript draft.
Writing – Review & Editing Critical review, commentary, and revision of the manuscript.
Visualization Creation of figures, tables, charts, or graphical representations.
Supervision Oversight and leadership in planning, execution, and project direction.
Project Administration Coordination, management, or administration of the project.
Funding Acquisition Securing financial support for the project.